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URMC / Department of Surgery / Research / SHORE / Projects / Surgery

 

Surgery: Technique, Complications, Outcomes, Care Collaboratives, and Practice Guidelines

Surgical Health Outcomes and Reaching for Equity (SHORE) is dedicated to advancing equitable surgical care through rigorous research. Within the umbrella of surgical care, we evaluate contemporary practices in the management of surgical disease, surgical techniques, complications, outcomes, and the impact of surgical care collaboratives and practice guidelines. Our outcomes research spans the continuum of care to include presurgical interventions, intraoperative considerations, in-hospital interventions, and short, and long-term complications. We have a specific interest in the care of patients with colorectal cancer, with research involving various aspects of cancer care including though not limited to surgical management. However, our research is expansive, including other benign surgical conditions such as effective approaches to volvulus, rectal foreign bodies, trauma-related injuries, and other malignancies like lung and breast cancer. Additionally, we have studied the impact of surgery in specific populations including geriatric patients, to evaluate outcomes and inform shared decision-making in this complex and growing population.

Moreover, SHORE is committed to the ongoing development and implementation of surgical collaboratives and practice guidelines and believes that these are vital components of contemporary surgical practice. They promote collaboration, standardization, and evidence-based decision-making, leading to safer and more effective surgical procedures and improved patient outcomes. By embracing these approaches, the surgical community can continuously advance the field, ensuring that patients receive the highest level of care and benefit from the latest surgical innovations and knowledge. In addition to evaluating the impact of guidelines and care collaboratives, SHORE has participated in the development and assessment of a regional care collaborative, the Upstate New York Surgical Quality Initiative (UNYSQI), and in multiple national and international surgical collaboratives including PelvEx and the Rectal Cancer Research Group, among others.

Evaluating Contemporary Surgical Care Diagram

See our publications in these areas below:

Hilty Chu BK, Loria A, Dhimal T, Cupertino P, Fleming FJ. ASO Author Reflections: Improving Shared-Decision Making in Rectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. Published online August 28, 2024. doi:10.1245/s10434-024-16128-5

Hilty Chu BK, Loria A, Dhimal T, et al. The Rise of Patients Declining Rectal Cancer Surgery in the Era of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy. Ann Surg Oncol. Published online August 15, 2024. doi:10.1245/s10434-024-16037-7

Loria A, et al. Practice Patterns for Organ Preservation in US Patients With Rectal Cancer, 2006-2020. JAMA Oncol. 2024;10(1):79-86. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4845

Loria A, Ramsdale EE, Aquina CT, Cupertino P, Mohile SG, Fleming FJ. From Clinical Trials to Practice: Anticipating and Overcoming Challenges in Implementing Watch-and-Wait for Rectal Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(8):876-880. doi:10.1200/JCO.23.01369

Loria A, Ammann AM, Olowokure OO, Paquette IM, Justiniano CF. Systematic Review of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Mismatch Repair Deficient Locally Advanced Colon Cancer: An Emerging Strategy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2024;67(6):762-771. doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000003263

Hsu S, Rosen KJ, Cupertino A, Temple L, Fleming F. Generalizability of Randomized Controlled Trials in Rectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2022 Feb;26(2):453-465. doi: 10.1007/s11605-021-05192-x. PMID: 34755313.

Justiniano CF, Aquina CT, Fleming FJ, Xu Z, Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ, Temple LK, Becerra AZ. Hospital and surgeon variation in positive circumferential resection margin among rectal cancer patients. Am J Surg. 2019 Nov;218(5):881-886. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.02.029. Epub 2019 Feb 28. PMID: 30853095.

Melucci AD, Lynch OF, Loria A, Mustian KM, Dunne RF, Temple LK, Fleming FJ. A Novel Use for Pelvic MRI Scans to Estimate Lean Body Mass and Screen for Sarcopenia in Patients With Rectal Cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2023 Mar 1;66(3):e122-e126. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002597. Epub 2022 Dec 22. PMID: 36649180.

Xu Z, Berho ME, Becerra AZ, Aquina CT, Hensley BJ, Arsalanizadeh R, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Fleming FJ. Lymph node yield is an independent predictor of survival in rectal cancer regardless of receipt of neoadjuvant therapy. J Clin Pathol. 2017 Jul;70(7):584-592. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203995. Epub 2016 Dec 8. PMID: 27932667.

Becerra AZ, Berho ME, Probst CP, Aquina CT, Tejani MA, Gonzalez MG, Xu Z, Swanger AA, Noyes K, Monson JR, Fleming FJ. Variation in Hospital-Specific Rates of Suboptimal Lymphadenectomy and Survival in Colon Cancer: Evidence from the National Cancer Data Base. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016. PMID: 27613558.

Probst CP, Becerra AZ, Aquina CT, Tejani MA, Hensley BJ, González MG, Noyes K, Monson JR, Fleming FJ. Watch and Wait?--Elevated Pretreatment CEA Is Associated with Decreased Pathological Complete Response in Rectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2016 Jan;20(1):43-52; discussion 52. doi: 10.1007/s11605-015-2987-9. Epub 2015 Nov 6. PMID: 26546119.

Rickles, A. S., D. W. Dietz, G. J. Chang, S. D. Wexner, M. E. Berho, F. H. Remzi, F. L. Greene, J. W. Fleshman, M. A. Abbas, W. Peters, K. Noyes, J. R. Monson and F.J.Fleming (2015). High Rate of Positive Circumferential Resection Margins Following Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Call to Action. Ann Surg 262(6): 891-898.

Hilty Chu B, Loria A, Cai X, et al. Comparative analysis of short-term outcomes after semielective and elective surgery for sigmoid volvulus. Surgery. Published online August 26, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2024.07.041

Loria A, Cai X, Gao S, et al. Development and validation of multivariable predictive models for recurrence and mortality following nonoperative management of sigmoid volvulus. Colorectal Dis. 2024;26(2):356-363. doi:10.1111/codi.16849

Loria et al. A Scoping Review of Quality-of-Life Assessments Employed in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction. J Surg Res. 2024;295:240-252. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2023.10.013

Loria A, Marianetti I, Cook CA, Melucci AD, Ghaffar A, Juviler P, Temple LK, Jones CMC, Fleming FJ. Epidemiology and healthcare utilization for rectal foreign bodies in United States adults, 2012-2021. Am J Emerg Med. 2023 Mar 30;69:76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.03.041. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37060632.

Melucci AD, Erlick MR, Loria A, Russell MM, Temple LK, Poles GC. Surgical Informed Consent: A Scoping Review of Physician-facing Decision Support Tools. Ann Surg Open. 2023;4(1):e259. Published 2023 Jan 30. doi:10.1097/AS9.0000000000000259

Rogers EJ, Reidlinger T, Loria A, Oplinger A, Raza SS, Gestring ML, Vella MA. Medical Information During Trauma Resuscitations: Are Smartphones the Contemporary Medical ID Bracelet? J Surg Res. 2023 Jul 26;291:313-320. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.06.024. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37506430.

Niziolek G, Keating J, Bailey J, Klingensmith NJ, Moren AM, Skarupa DJ, Loria A, Vella MA, Maher Z, Moore SA, Smith MC, Leung A, Shuster KM, Seamon MJ. Rethinking Protocolized Completion Angiography Following Extremity Vascular Trauma: A Prospective Observational Multicenter Trial Angiography Following Extremity Vascular Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 Apr 11. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003925. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37038254.

Keating JJ, Klingensmith N, Moren AM, Skarupa DJ, Loria A, Maher Z, Moore SA, Smith MC, Seamon MJ; Fasciotomy Group Investigators. Dispelling Dogma: American Association for Surgery of Trauma Prospective, Multicenter Trial of Index vs Delayed Fasciotomy after Extremity Trauma. J Am Coll Surg. 2023 May 1;236(5):1037-1044. doi: 10.1097/XCS.0000000000000612. Epub 2023 Feb 3. PMID: 36735489.

Loria A, Jacobson T, Melucci AD, Bartell N, Nabozny MJ, Temple LK, Fleming FJ. Sigmoid volvulus: Evaluating identification strategies and contemporary multicenter outcomes. Am J Surg. 2022 Aug 1:S0002-9610(22)00491-3. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.07.025. PMID: 35934559.

Justiniano CF, Becerra AZ, Loria A, Xu Z, Aquina CT, Temple LK, Fleming FJ. Is robotic utilization associated with increased minimally invasive colorectal surgery rates? Surgeon-level evidence. Surg Endosc. 2022 Aug;36(8):5618-5626. doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09023-1. Epub 2022 Jan 13. PMID: 35024928; PMCID: PMC8757409.

Casabianca AS, Tsagkalidis V, Burchard PR, Chacon A, Melucci A, Reitz A, Swift DA, McCook AA, Switchenko JM, Shah MM, Carpizo DR. Surgery in combination with systemic chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in stage IV gallbladder cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2022 Jun 22:S0748-7983(22)00534-0. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.06.029. PMID: 35773092.

Purrman KC, Ziazadeh D, Loria A, Jones C. Pectus Bar Displacement Causing Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction. Ann Thorac Surg. 2021 Oct;112(4):e267-e270. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.10.059. Epub 2021 Jan 4. PMID: 33412139.

Xu Z, Becerra AZ, Justiniano CF, Aquina CT, Fleming FJ, Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ, Sinno AK, Chaoul J, Morrow GR, Minasian L, Temkin SM. Complications and Survivorship Trends After Primary Debulking Surgery for Ovarian Cancer. J Surg Res. 2020 Feb;246:34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.08.027. Epub 2019 Sep 24. PMID: 31561176; PMCID: PMC6917987.

Aquina CT, Becerra AZ, Justiniano CF, Xu Z, Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Temple LK, Fleming FJ. Surgeon, Hospital, and Geographic Variation in Minimally Invasive Colectomy. Ann Surg. 2019 Jun;269(6):1109-1116. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002694. PMID: 31082909.

Aquina CT, Becerra AZ, Xu Z, Justiniano CF, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Fleming FJ. Population-based study of outcomes following an initial acute diverticular abscess. Br J Surg. 2019 Mar;106(4):467-476. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10982. Epub 2018 Oct 18. PMID: 30335195.

Aquina CT, Fleming FJ, Becerra AZ, Hensley BJ, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Temple LK, Cellini C. Who gets a pouch after colectomy in New York state and why? Surgery. 2018 Feb;163(2):305-310. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.07.024. Epub 2017 Oct 13. PMID: 29033223.

Xu Z, Fleming FJ, Justiniano CF, Becerra AZ, Boodry CI, Aquina CT, Temple LK, Speranza JR. Trends in Surgeon-Level Utilization of Sacral Nerve Stimulator Implantation for Fecal Incontinence in New York State. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018 Jan;61(1):107-114. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000941. PMID: 29215481.

Medhekar AN, Mix DS, Aquina CT, Trakimas LE, Noyes K, Fleming FJ, Glocker RJ, Stoner MC. Outcomes for critical limb ischemia are driven by lower extremity revascularization volume, not distance to hospital. J Vasc Surg. 2017 Aug;66(2):476-487.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.01.062. Epub 2017 Apr 10. PMID: 28408154.

Aquina CT, Fleming FJ, Becerra AZ, Xu Z, Hensley BJ, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Jusko TA. Explaining variation in ventral and inguinal hernia repair outcomes: A population-based analysis. Surgery. 2017 Sep;162(3):628-639. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.03.013. Epub 2017 May 18. PMID: 28528663.

Al-Khyatt W, Mytton J, Tan BH, Aquina CT, Evison F, Fleming FJ, Pasquali S, Griffiths EA, Vohra RS. A Population-Based Cohort Study of Emergency Appendectomy Performed in England and New York State. World J Surg. 2017 Mar. PMID: 28299474.

Aquina CT, Becerra AZ, Xu Z, Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ, Noyes K, Monson JR, Fleming FJ. Nonelective colon cancer resection: A continued public health concern. Surgery. 2017 Feb. PMID: 28237645.

Aquina CT, Probst CP, Becerra AZ, Hensley BJ, Iannuzzi JC, Noyes K, Monson JR, Fleming FJ. The impact of surgeon volume on colostomy reversal outcomes after Hartmann’s procedure for diverticulitis. Surgery. 2016 Nov;160(5):1309-1317. PMID:27395762.

Aquina CT, Probst CP, Becerra AZ, Hensley BJ, Xu Z, Iannuzzi JC, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Fleming FJ. Patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction should be primarily managed by a surgical team. Annals of Surgery. 2016 Sep;264(3):437-47. PMID: 27433901.

Aquina CT, Probst CP, Becerra AZ, Iannuzzi JC, Hensley BJ, Noyes K, Monson JR, Fleming FJ. Missed Opportunity: Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection Is Associated With Lower Incidence of Small Bowel Obstruction Compared to an Open Approach. Ann Surg. 2016 Jul;264(1):127-34. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001389. PMID: 26421688.

Aquina CT, Probst CP, Kelly KN, Iannuzzi JC, Noyes K, Fleming FJ, Monson JR. The pitfalls of inguinal herniorrhaphy: Surgeon volume matters. Surgery. 2015 Sep;158(3):736-46. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.058. Epub 2015 May 30. PMID: 26036880.

Kelly, K. N., Iannuzzi, J. C., Rickles, A. S., Garimella, V., Monson, J. R., & Fleming, F. J. (2014). Laparotomy for small-bowel obstruction: first choice or last resort for adhesiolysis? A laparoscopic approach for small-bowel obstruction reduces 30-day complications. Surgical Endoscopy, 28(1), 65-73. doi: 10.1007/s00464-013-3162-6

Cellini C, Deeb AP, Sharma A, Monson JR, Fleming FJ. Association between operative approach and complications in patients undergoing Hartmann's reversal. Br J Surg. 2013 Jul;100(8):1094-9. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9153. Epub 2013 May 21. PMID: 23696424.

Fleming FJ, Kim MJ, Gunzler D, Messing S, Monson JR, Speranza JR. It's the procedure not the patient: the operative approach is independently associated with an increased risk of complications after rectal prolapse repair. Colorectal Dis. 2012 Mar;14(3):362-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02616.x. PMID: 21692964.

Lee Y, Fleming FJ, Deeb AP, Gunzler D, Messing S, Monson JR. A laparoscopic approach reduces short-term complications and length of stay following ileocolic resection in Crohn's disease: an analysis of outcomes from the NSQIP database. Colorectal Dis. 2012 May;14(5):572-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02756.x. PMID: 21831174.

Deeb AP, Kim MJ, Fleming FJ, Messing S, Gunzler D, Monson JR, Salloum RM. The impact of operative approach in elective splenectomy: a multivariate analysis of outcomes from the NSQIP database. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2012 Oct;22(5):415-9. doi: 10.1097/SLE.0b013e31825cba10. PMID: 23047384.

Melucci AD, Loria A, Aquina CT, et al. New Onset Geriatric Syndromes and One-year Outcomes Following Elective Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery. Ann Surg. 2024;279(5):781-788. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000006108

Loria A, Glance LG, Melucci AD, Boodry C, Justiniano CF, Dunne RF, Mustian KM, Becerra AZ, Jusko TA, Temple LK, Fleming FJ. Low Preoperative Serum Creatinine is Common and Associated With Poor Outcomes After Nonemergent Inpatient Surgery. Ann Surg. 2023 Feb 1;277(2):246-251. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005760. Epub 2022 Nov 28. PMID: 36448909.

Loria A, Melucci AD, Burchard PR, Ghaffar A, Levatino E, Temple LK, Fleming FJ. Implementation of a new definition for acute kidney injury in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project: What is the impact? Surgery. 2023 Jul;174(1):2-9. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.11.035. Epub 2023 Jan 6. PMID: 36610895.

Loria A, Z Becerra A, D Melucci A, Ghaffar A, Croft A, A Hanchett V, K Temple L, J Fleming F. Major renal morbidity following elective rectal cancer resection by the type of diverting ostomy. Colorectal Dis. 2023 Mar;25(3):404-412. doi: 10.1111/codi.16375. Epub 2022 Nov 13. PMID: 36237178.

Loria A, Fleming FJ. Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Colorectal Surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2022 Mar 1;65(3):308-312. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002390. PMID: 35138283.

Loria A, Melucci A, Speranza J, Cellini C, Salloum R, Temple LK, Fleming FJ, Justiniano CF. Acute kidney injury is a common and significant complication following ileostomy formation. Colorectal Dis. 2022 Jan;24(1):102-110. doi: 10.1111/codi.15917.  PMID: 34536959.

Hsu S, Rosen KJ, Temple L, Fleming FJ. The Association between Pathologic Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Postoperative Complications. Dig Surg. 2021;38(4):300-306. doi: 10.1159/000515725. Epub 2021 Jun 1. PMID: 34062543. 

Deeb AP, Aquina CT, Monson JRT, Blumberg N, Becerra AZ, Fleming FJ. Allogeneic Leukocyte-Reduced Red Blood Cell Transfusion Is Associated with Postoperative Infectious Complications and Cancer Recurrence after Colon Cancer Resection. Dig Surg. 2020;37(2):163-170. doi: 10.1159/000498865. Epub 2019 Mar 5. PMID: 30836367.

Justiniano CF, Aquina CT, Becerra AZ, Xu Z, Boodry CI, Swanger AA, Monson JRT, Fleming FJ. Postoperative Mortality After Nonelective Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in the Era of Biologics. Ann Surg. 2019 Apr;269(4):686-691. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002628. PMID: 29232213.

Justiniano CF, Xu Z, Becerra AZ, Aquina CT, Boodry CI, Temple LK, Fleming FJ. Effect of care continuity on mortality of patients readmitted after colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2019 Apr;106(5):636-644. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11078. Epub 2019 Feb 1. PMID: 30706462.

Justiniano CF, Temple LK, Swanger AA, Xu Z, Speranza JR, Cellini C, Salloum RM, Fleming FJ. Readmissions With Dehydration After Ileostomy Creation: Rethinking Risk Factors. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018 Nov;61(11):1297-1305. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001137. PMID: 30239391; PMCID: PMC6172143.

Aquina CT, Blumberg N, Becerra AZ, Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Fleming FJ. Association Among Blood Transfusion, Sepsis, and Decreased Long-term Survival After Colon Cancer Resection. Ann Surg. 2017 Aug;266(2):311-317. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001990. PMID: 27631770.

Aquina CT, Mohile SG, Tejani MA, Becerra AZ, Xu Z, Hensley BJ, Arsalani-Zadeh R, Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ, Noyes K, Monson JR, Fleming FJ. The impact of age on complications, survival, and cause of death following colon cancer surgery. Br J Cancer. 2017 Jan;116(3):389-397. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2016.421. Epub 2017 Jan 5. PMID: 28056465; PMCID: PMC5294480.

Noyes K, Baack-Kukreja J, Messing EM, Schoeniger L, Galka E, Pan W, Xueya C, Fleming FJ, Monson JR, Mohile SG, Francone T. Surgical readmissions: results of integrating pre-, peri- and postsurgical care. Nurs Open. 2016 May 10;3(3):168-178. doi: 10.1002/nop2.52. PMID: 27708827; PMCID: PMC5047346.

Iannuzzi JC, Aquina CT, Rickles AS, Hensley BJ, Probst CP, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Fleming FJ. Risk factors for post-discharge venothromboembolism following colorectal resection. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 2016; 59(3): 224-229. PMID: 26855397

Aquina CT, Probst CP, Becerra AZ, Hensley BJ, Iannuzzi JC, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Fleming FJ. High variability in nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection rates across hospitals following colorectal resection. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 2016; 59(4): 323-331. PMID: 26953991

Aquina CT, Blumberg N, Probst CP, Becerra AZ, Hensley BJ, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Fleming FJ. Large variation in blood transfusion utilization following colorectal resection: A call to action. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 2016; 59(5): 411-418. PMID: 27050603.

Tan BH, Mytton J, Al-Khyatt W, Aquina CT, Evison F, Fleming FJ, Griffiths E, Vohra RS. A comparison of mortality following emergency laparotomy between populations from New York State and England. Annals of Surgery. 2016 Aug. PMID: 27548571.

Aquina CT, Blumberg N, Probst CP, Becerra AZ, Hensley BJ, Iannuzzi JC, Gonzalez MG, Deeb AP, Noyes K, Monson JR, Fleming FJ. Significant Variation in Blood Transfusion Practice Persists following Upper GI Cancer Resection. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Nov;19(11):1927-37. doi: 10.1007/s11605-015-2903-3. Epub 2015 Aug 12. PMID: 26264360.

Kelly, K. N., Iannuzzi, J. C., Rickles, A. S., Monson, J. R., & Fleming, F. J. (2014). Risk factors associated with 30-day postoperative readmissions in major gastrointestinal resections. J Gastrointest Surg, 18(1), 35-44. doi: 10.1007/s11605-013-2354-7

Sharma A, Deeb AP, Rickles AS, Iannuzzi JC, Monson JR, Fleming FJ. Closure of defunctioning loop ileostomy is associated with considerable morbidity. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. 2013;15(4):458-62.

Dhimal T, Loria A, Juviler P, et al. Quality improvement in surgical collaboratives: Characterizing resources and care variation to facilitate implementation and dissemination. Surgery. 2024;176(1):214-216. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2024.03.030

Justiniano CF, Loria A, Hellenthal NJ, Schiralli MP, Soto FC, Albright JB, Giangreco L, Temple LK, Fleming FJ; UNYSQI Collaborative. The accumulation of ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery) components reduces post-colectomy length of stay at small and low volume hospitals. Am J Surg. 2022 Apr;223(4):744-752. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.07.004. Jul 7. PMID: 34311949.

Hensley BJ, Cooney RN, Hellenthal NJ, Aquina CT, Noyes K, Monson JR, Kelly KN, Fleming FJ; Upstate New York Surgical Quality Initiative Collaborative. Readmissions After Colectomy: The Upstate New York Surgical Quality Initiative Experience. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016 May;59(5):419-25. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000566. PMID: 27050604.

Rickles AS, Iannuzzi JC, Kelly KN, Cooney RN, Brown DA, Davidson M, Hellenthal N, Max C, Johnson J, DeTraglia J, McGurrin M, Kimball R, DiBenedetto A, Galyon D, Esposito SL, Noyes K, Monson JR, Fleming FJ; UNYSQI Collaborative. Anastomotic leak or organ space surgical site infection: What are we missing in our quality improvement programs? Surgery. 2013 Oct;154(4):680-7; discussion 687-9. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.06.035. PMID: 24074406.

Ternent CA, Fleming F, Welton ML, Buie WD, Steele S, Rafferty J; American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Clinical Practice Guideline for Ambulatory Anorectal Surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015 Oct;58(10):915-22. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000451. PMID: 26347962.