Publications

• 1. Richards KA
  2. Changrob S
  3. Thomas PG
  4. Wilson PC
  5. Sant AJ
  Lack of memory recall in human CD4 T cells elicited by the first encounter with SARS-CoV-2.; iScience; Vol 27(6), pp. 109992. 2024 May 17.
• 1. White CL
  2. Glover MA
  3. Gandhapudi SK
  4. Richards KA
  5. Sant AJ
  Flublok Quadrivalent Vaccine Adjuvanted with R-DOTAP Elicits a Robust and Multifunctional CD4 T Cell Response That Is of Greater Magnitude and Functional Diversity Than Conventional Adjuvant Systems.; Vaccines; Vol 12(3). 2024 Mar 07.
• 1. Henson TR
  2. Richards KA
  3. Gandhapudi SK
  4. Woodward JG
  5. Sant AJ
  R-DOTAP Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles Outperform Squalene-Based Adjuvant Systems in Elicitation of CD4 T Cells after Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Vaccination.; Viruses; Vol 15(2). 2023 Feb 15.
• 1. Sant AJ
  2. Stern LJ
  Editorial overview: The life and times of peptide-MHC.; Current opinion in immunology; Vol 78, pp. 102244. 2022 Sep 28.
• 1. Sant AJ
  2. Wilson PC
  Learning from our differences.; Nature immunology. 2022 Sep 27.
• 1. Moritzky SA
  2. Richards KA
  3. Glover MA
  4. Krammer F
  5. Chaves FA
  6. Topham DJ
  7. Branche A
  8. Nayak JL
  9. Sant AJ
  The negative effect of pre-existing immunity on influenza vaccine responses transcends the impact of vaccine formulation type and vaccination history.; The Journal of infectious diseases. 2022 Feb 24.
• 1. Rattan A
  2. White CL
  3. Nelson S
  4. Eismann M
  5. Padilla-Quirarte H
  6. Glover MA
  7. Dileepan T
  8. Marathe BM
  9. Govorkova EA
  10. Webby RJ
  11. Richards KA
  12. Sant AJ
  Development of a Mouse Model to Explore CD4 T Cell Specificity, Phenotype, and Recruitment to the Lung after Influenza B Infection.; Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland); Vol 11(2). 2022 Feb 15.
• 1. Nelson SA
  2. Richards KA
  3. Glover MA
  4. Chaves FA
  5. Crank MC
  6. Graham BS
  7. Kanekiyo M
  8. Sant AJ
  CD4 T cell epitope abundance in ferritin core potentiates responses to hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccines.; NPJ vaccines; Vol 7(1), pp. 124. 2022 Jan 26.
• 1. Richards KA
  2. Lavery C
  3. Keller GLJ
  4. Miller J
  5. Baker BM
  6. Sant AJ
  A previously unappreciated polymorphism in the beta chain of I-As expressed in autoimmunity-prone SJL mice: Combined impact on antibody, CD4 T cell recognition and MHC class II dimer structural stability.; Molecular immunology; Vol 143. 2022 Jan 04.
• 1. Nelson SA
  2. Dileepan T
  3. Rasley A
  4. Jenkins MK
  5. Fischer NO
  6. Sant AJ
  Intranasal nanoparticle vaccination elicits a persistent, polyfunctional CD4 T cell response in the murine lung specific for a highly conserved influenza antigen that are sufficient to mediate protection from influenza virus challenge.; Journal of virology. 2021 Jun 02.
• 1. Richards KA
  2. Glover M
  3. Crawford JC
  4. Thomas P
  5. White C
  6. Sant AJ
  Circulating CD4 T cells elicited by endemic coronaviruses display vast disparities in abundance and functional potential linked to both antigen specificity and age.; The Journal of infectious diseases. 2021 Feb 08.
• 1. Nelson SA
  2. Sant AJ
  Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination.; Frontiers in immunology; Vol 12. 2021.
• 1. Richards KA
  2. Moritzky S
  3. Shannon I
  4. Fitzgerald T
  5. Yang H
  6. Branche A
  7. Topham DJ
  8. Treanor JJ
  9. Nayak J
  10. Sant AJ
  Recombinant HA-based vaccine outperforms split and subunit vaccines in elicitation of influenza-specific CD4 T cells and CD4 T cell-dependent antibody responses in humans.; NPJ vaccines; Vol 5(1). 2020 Aug 26.
• 1. Koroleva M
  2. Batarse F
  3. Moritzky S
  4. Henry C
  5. Chaves F
  6. Wilson P
  7. Krammer F
  8. Richards K
  9. Sant AJ
  Heterologous viral protein interactions within licensed seasonal influenza virus vaccines.; NPJ vaccines; Vol 5(1). 2020 Jan 10.
• 1. Richards KA
  2. Moritzky S
  3. Shannon I
  4. Fitzgerald T
  5. Yang H
  6. Branche A
  7. Topham DJ
  8. Treanor JJ
  9. Nayak J
  10. Sant AJ
  Recombinant HA-based vaccine outperforms split and subunit vaccines in elicitation of influenza-specific CD4 T cells and CD4 T cell-dependent antibody responses in humans.; NPJ vaccines; Vol 5. 2020.
• 1. Koroleva M
  2. Batarse F
  3. Moritzky S
  4. Henry C
  5. Chaves F
  6. Wilson P
  7. Krammer F
  8. Richards K
  9. Sant AJ
  Heterologous viral protein interactions within licensed seasonal influenza virus vaccines.; NPJ vaccines; Vol 5. 2020.
• 1. Knowlden ZAG
  2. Richards KA
  3. Moritzky SA
  4. Sant AJ
  Peptide Epitope Hot Spots of CD4 T Cell Recognition Within Influenza Hemagglutinin During the Primary Response to Infection.; Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland); Vol 8(4). 2019 Nov 05.
• 1. DiPiazza AT
  2. Fan S
  3. Rattan A
  4. DeDiego ML
  5. Chaves F
  6. Neumann G
  7. Kawaoka Y
  8. Sant AJ
  A Novel Vaccine Strategy to Overcome Poor Immunogenicity of Avian Influenza Vaccines through Mobilization of Memory CD4 T Cells Established by Seasonal Influenza.; Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950); Vol 203(6). 2019 Sep 15.
• 1. Richards KA
  2. Shannon I
  3. Treanor JJ
  4. Yang H
  5. Nayak JL
  6. Sant AJ
  Evidence that blunted CD4 T cells responses underlie deficient protective antibody responses to influenza vaccines in repeatedly vaccinated human subjects.; The Journal of infectious diseases. 2019 Aug 26.
• 1. Rattan A
  2. Richards KA
  3. Knowlden ZAG
  4. Sant AJ
  Protein vaccination directs the CD4+ T cell response towards shared protective epitopes that can be recalled after influenza infection.; Journal of virology. 2019 Jul 24.
• 1. Sant AJ
  The way forward: Potentiating protective immunity to novel and pandemic influenza through engagement of memory CD4 T cells.; The Journal of infectious diseases. 2019 Jan 31.
• 1. Varga SM
  2. Sant AJ
  Editorial: Orchestration of an Immune Response to Respiratory Pathogens.; Frontiers in immunology; Vol 10. 2019.
• 1. Nelson SA
  2. Sant AJ
  Imprinting and Editing of the Human CD4 T Cell Response to Influenza Virus.; Frontiers in immunology; Vol 10. 2019.
• 1. Sant AJ
  2. DiPiazza AT
  3. Nayak JL
  4. Rattan A
  5. Richards KA
  CD4 T cells in protection from influenza virus: Viral antigen specificity and functional potential.; Immunological reviews; Vol 284(1). 2018 Jul.
• 1. Richards KA
  2. Treanor JJ
  3. Nayak JL
  4. Sant AJ
  Overarching Immunodominance Patterns and Substantial Diversity in Specificity and Functionality in the Circulating Human Influenza A and B CD4 T Cell Repertoire.; The Journal of infectious diseases. 2018 May 12.
• 1. DiPiazza A
  2. Laniewski N
  3. Rattan A
  4. Topham DJ
  5. Miller J
  6. Sant AJ
  CD4 T cell epitope specificity and cytokine potential are preserved as cells transition from the lung vasculature to lung tissue following influenza infection.; Journal of virology. 2018 Apr 18.
• 1. Sant AJ
  2. Richards KA
  3. Nayak J
  Distinct and complementary roles of CD4 T cells in protective immunity to influenza virus.; Current opinion in immunology; Vol 53. 2018 Apr 02.
• 1. Richards KA
  2. DiPiazza AT
  3. Rattan A
  4. Knowlden ZAG
  5. Yang H
  6. Sant AJ
  Diverse Epitope Specificity, Immunodominance Hierarchy, and Functional Avidity of Effector CD4 T Cells Established During Priming Is Maintained in Lung After Influenza A Virus Infection.; Frontiers in immunology; Vol 9. 2018.
• 1. DiPiazza AT
  2. Richards KA
  3. Liu WC
  4. Albrecht RA
  5. Sant AJ
  Analyses of Cellular Immune Responses in Ferrets Following Influenza Virus Infection.; Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.); Vol 1836. 2018.
• 1. DiPiazza A
  2. Nogales A
  3. Poulton N
  4. Wilson PC
  5. Martínez-Sobrido L
  6. Sant AJ
  Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza Venus reporter virus reveals broad diversity of MHC class II-positive antigen-bearing cells following infection in vivo.; Scientific reports; Vol 7(1). 2017 Sep 07.
• 1. DiPiazza A
  2. Richards K
  3. Poulton N
  4. Sant AJ
  Avian and Human Seasonal Influenza Hemagglutinin Proteins Elicit CD4 T Cell Responses That Are Comparable in Epitope Abundance and Diversity.; Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI; Vol 24(3). 2017 Mar.
• 1. DiPiazza A
  2. Richards K
  3. Batarse F
  4. Lockard L
  5. Zeng H
  6. García-Sastre A
  7. Albrecht RA
  8. Sant AJ
  Flow Cytometric and Cytokine ELISpot Approaches To Characterize the Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Ferrets following Influenza Virus Infection.; Journal of virology; Vol 90(17). 2016 Sep 01.
• 1. Knowlden ZA
  2. Sant AJ
  CD4 T cell epitope specificity determines follicular versus non-follicular helper differentiation in the polyclonal response to influenza infection or vaccination.; Scientific reports; Vol 6. 2016.
• 1. DiPiazza A
  2. Richards KA
  3. Knowlden ZA
  4. Nayak JL
  5. Sant AJ
  The Role of CD4 T Cell Memory in Generating Protective Immunity to Novel and Potentially Pandemic Strains of Influenza.; Frontiers in immunology; Vol 7. 2016.
• 1. Leddon SA
  2. Richards KA
  3. Treanor JJ
  4. Sant AJ
  Abundance and specificity of influenza reactive circulating memory follicular helper and non-follicular helper CD4 T cells in healthy adults.; Immunology; Vol 146(1). 2015 Sep.
• 1. Richards KA
  2. Nayak J
  3. Chaves FA
  4. DiPiazza A
  5. Knowlden ZA
  6. Alam S
  7. Treanor JJ
  8. Sant AJ
  Seasonal Influenza Can Poise Hosts for CD4 T-Cell Immunity to H7N9 Avian Influenza.; The Journal of infectious diseases; Vol 212(1). 2015 Jul 1.
• 1. Nayak JL
  2. Richards KA
  3. Yang H
  4. Treanor JJ
  5. Sant AJ
  Effect of influenza A(H5N1) vaccine prepandemic priming on CD4+ T-cell responses.; The Journal of infectious diseases; Vol 211(9). 2015 May 1.
• 1. Alam S
  2. Knowlden ZA
  3. Sangster MY
  4. Sant AJ
  CD4 T cell help is limiting and selective during the primary B cell response to influenza virus infection.; Journal of virology; Vol 88(1). 2014 Jan.
• 1. Weilhammer DR
  2. Blanchette CD
  3. Fischer NO
  4. Alam S
  5. Loots GG
  6. Corzett M
  7. Thomas C
  8. Lychak C
  9. Dunkle AD
  10. Ruitenberg JJ
  11. Ghanekar SA
  12. Sant AJ
  13. Rasley A
  The use of nanolipoprotein particles to enhance the immunostimulatory properties of innate immune agonists against lethal influenza challenge.; Biomaterials; Vol 34(38). 2013 Dec.
• 1. Nayak JL
  2. Alam S
  3. Sant AJ
  Cutting edge: Heterosubtypic influenza infection antagonizes elicitation of immunological reactivity to hemagglutinin.; Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950); Vol 191(3). 2013 Aug 1.
• 1. Tung J
  2. Sant AJ
  Orchestration of CD4 T cell epitope preferences after multipeptide immunization.; Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950); Vol 191(2). 2013 Jul 15.
• 1. Nayak JL
  2. Fitzgerald TF
  3. Richards KA
  4. Yang H
  5. Treanor JJ
  6. Sant AJ
  CD4+ T-cell expansion predicts neutralizing antibody responses to monovalent, inactivated 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus subtype H1N1 vaccine.; The Journal of infectious diseases; Vol 207(2). 2013 Jan 15.
• 1. Sant AJ
  2. Chaves FA
  3. Leddon SA
  4. Tung J
  The control of the specificity of CD4 T cell responses: thresholds, breakpoints, and ceilings.; Frontiers in immunology; Vol 4. 2013.
• 1. Richards KA
  2. Chaves FA
  3. Alam S
  4. Sant AJ
  Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines induce broad immunological reactivity to both internal virion components and influenza surface proteins.; Vaccine; Vol 31(1). 2012 Dec 17.
• 1. Nayak JL
  2. Sant AJ
  Loss in CD4 T-cell responses to multiple epitopes in influenza due to expression of one additional MHC class II molecule in the host.; Immunology; Vol 136(4). 2012 Aug.
• 1. Sant AJ
  2. McMichael A
  Revealing the role of CD4(+) T cells in viral immunity.; The Journal of experimental medicine; Vol 209(8). 2012 Jul 30.
• 1. Chaves FA
  2. Lee AH
  3. Nayak JL
  4. Richards KA
  5. Sant AJ
  The utility and limitations of current Web-available algorithms to predict peptides recognized by CD4 T cells in response to pathogen infection.; Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950); Vol 188(9). 2012 May 1.
• 1. Engels B
  2. Chervin AS
  3. Sant AJ
  4. Kranz DM
  5. Schreiber H
  Long-term persistence of CD4(+) but rapid disappearance of CD8(+) T cells expressing an MHC class I-restricted TCR of nanomolar affinity.; Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy; Vol 20(3). 2012 Mar.
• 1. Leddon SA
  2. Sant AJ
  The peptide specificity of the endogenous T follicular helper cell repertoire generated after protein immunization.; PloS one; Vol 7(10). 2012.
• 1. Sundararajan A
  2. Huan L
  3. Richards KA
  4. Marcelin G
  5. Alam S
  6. Joo H
  7. Yang H
  8. Webby RJ
  9. Topham DJ
  10. Sant AJ
  11. Sangster MY
  Host differences in influenza-specific CD4 T cell and B cell responses are modulated by viral strain and route of immunization.; PloS one; Vol 7(3). 2012.